Early Form Of Urdu Fiction And Reflection Of Western Civilization
Keywords:
Urdu, Fiction, western civilization, Prem chand, Sultan Haider JoshAbstract
In Urdu fiction, along with the novel, short fiction also gained acceptance from its initial appearance. The early writers of Urdu fiction adopted the corrective aspect and on the one hand reflected the Indian indigenous culture and environment and on the other hand the Western civilization prevalent due to the presence of British imperialism in the Indian subcontinent and the development of Western countries and their technology. Also provided highlights. This wave of elements of Western civilization and its growing trend in Indian society can be seen initially with prominent examples in the fictions of Prem Chand, Sajjad Haider Yaldirim and Sultan Haider Josh.
References
Abul Ijaz Hafeez Siddiqui, “ Kashaf tanqeedi istalahar”, Islamabad: National language authority, 1985, P 192
Waqar Azeem, Syed, “ Dastan say afsany tak”, Lahore: alwaqar publications, P 9
Abdullah, Syed, “Cultura ka Masala”, Lahore: Sheikh Ghulam Ali and sons publications, 1977, P 14
Qazi javeed, Hindi muslim tahzeeb”, Lahore: veen gard books limited, 1983, p 369
Amjad tufail, “Adab ka aalmi dareecha”, Lahore: shirkat press, 2012, p 12
Muhammad Ahmad, mufti, “Taaruf tahzeeb I magrib aur falsafai jaded”, Faisalabad: Maktaba islamia, 2014, p 94
Saleem Akhtar, “ Urdu Adab ki Mukhtasar tareen tareekh”, Lahore: Sang-i-meel Publications, 1993, P 168
Abdus Salam nadvi, “ Iqbal-i- Kamil”, Lahore: Taaha Publications, p 158
Khilfa A”Fikar-i- Iqbal”, p 157
Ishtaq Ahmad, “ Hamara Culture aura dab” Lahore: Bait ul Hikmat, 2007, p50
Madan Gopal(Edit) , “ Kulyat-i- Prem chand”,New Dehli: National Council for Promotion of Urdu language, 2003, p 484
As Above, p 491
As Above, p 496
Jameel Jalabi, Dr, “Pakistani Culture”, Islamabad: National book foundation, 1987, p 19
“Laanat”,Including “ Kulyat-i- Prem chand”, p 417
As Above, p 418
As Above, p 427,428
As Above, p 456
As Above, p 71
As Above, p 364
Sajjad Haider Yaldaram, “Khayalastan”, Lahore: Sang-i-Meel Publications, 1996, P10
Anwaar Ahmad, Dr, “ Urdr afsana aik sadi ka qissa”, Islamabad: National language authority, p 45,46
Sajjad Haider Yaldaram, “Khayalastan”, p 90
As Above, p 89
As Above, p 92
As Above, p 104,105
Qurat ul Ain Haider, “Intakhab-i-Sajjad Haider yaldaram”, Lahore: Sang-i-Meel Publications, 1990, p 159,160
As Above, p 180
As Above, p 180
Waqar Azeem, Syed, “ Dastan say afsany tak”, p 208
Sultan Haider Josh, “Josh-i-fikar”, Ali Garh: District Gazzatte press, S 127,128
Anwaar Ahmad, Dr, “ Urdr afsana aik sadi ka qissa”, p 64
Sultan Haider Josh, “Josh-i-fikar”, p 16
Anwaar Ahmad, Dr, “ Urdr afsana aik sadi ka qissa”, p 58
As Above, p 64
Waqar Azeem, Syed, “Naya Afsana”, Ali Garh:
Sultan Haider Josh, “ Fasana-i- Josh”, Lakhnow: 1926, p 186
Waqar Azeem, Syed, “ Dastan say afsany tak”, p 209
“Musawat” Including “Fasani-i-Josh”, P 3
